Soap and saponification

• Soap and Saponification:

soap is mixture of salts of higher fatty acids. Mettalic elements may be Sodium(Na), Potassium(K), Lithium(Li), Zinc(Zn), Lead(Pb). This determines the application of soap and name of the soap. The higher fatty acids may be saturated such as Lauric acid, Mystric acid, Palmitic acid, or unsaturated acid such as Oleic acid obtained from oil/fats.

The process of manufacture of the soap is called saponification.

Preparation of soap

 Kinds of soaps:

Two kinds of soap 1) Laundry soap 2) Toiletry soap

Ordinary soap is in fact a mixture of Sodium salt of high long fatty acids. Soap varies in composition and method of processing. There are variety of soap available in market Such as floating soap, transparent soap, medicated soap, shaving soap, toiletry soap, Laundry soap etc.

If soap is made from olive oil it is called castile soap.Alcohol is added to make it transparent.Air is beaten into to make it floating. toiletry soap are manufacture from good quality of oil and they contain potassium metal and they are known as a soft soap. laundry soap contains sodium and are manufacture from non-edible oil like a cheaper oil/fats. they are called hard soap. Perfume , dye , germicides and material are added to make soaps heavy , attractive and acceptable to people. 

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